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Name -
Ali
Title -
An-Naqi and Al-Hadi
Kunyat -
Abul Hassan
Born -
Friday 15th of Zilhajj 212 A.H., at Surba
Father's Name -
Mohammad
ibn Ali
Mother's Name -
Summana Khatoon
Died -
At the age of 42 years, at Samarra , on Monday, 26th Jamadi-ul-Akhar
254 AH. Poisoned by Mu'taz the Abbaside Caliph
Buried -
at Samarra, Baghdad.
Hazrat Imam
Ali un Naqi (a.s), a brief look into his Life
Parents, Birth & Childhood
Imam Ali un Naqi (a.s.)'s mother was a very
pious lady who spent her whole life fasting. The 10th Imam has said
that his mother was one of the ladies of paradise and one of those
from 'Ahlul Haqq' (people of truth).
Imam Ali un Naqi (a.s.) became an Imam at the age of 8 years. The
khalifa wrote to the governor of Medina asking him to send the young
Imam to a person called Junaydi for tutorage (the governor of Madina
was threatened that if he did not do this than the people of Madina
would be annihilated). Junaydi was a well known poet of that time
and 'anti - Ahlulbayt' and was 80 years old. The Khalifa felt that
if this was done than anything that the Imam did or said could be
attributed to Junaydi i.e. it was taught to Imam by Junaydi. When
Junaydi was once asked about the progress of his student he said
:
"I am the student and he is the teacher. I now know what knowledge
is. What I say is because of what I have been taught by Imam".
The Khalifa's plan had failed yet again.
For a while the Khalifa left Imam in peace and freedom as they were
engrossed in sorting out their own affairs (Removing the Iranians
from power; adding the Turks and establishing power in Samarra).
Imam used the time to open Madrasas and the atmosphere in the mosque
of the Prophet was once again like in the time of the 6th Imam Ja'fer
As-Sadiq (a.s.)
Imamate - His Life & Works
Imam Ali un Naqi (as) served the longest period of Imamate (besides
the 12th Imam) - 34 years which can be divided into two parts -
17 years of freedom and 17 years under arrest.
In 234 a.h. came one of the most tyrannical rulers of the Abbasid
Khilafate - Mutawakkil. He ruled with tyranny, killing, looting
and terrorising especially those who were the followers of Ahlulbayt.
Mutawakkil is also the one who ordered the desecration of the grave
of Imam Husayn (a.s.) wanting to remove Imam's body and burn it
(He did not succeed). He tried running water over the grave so no
traces of the grave would remain but was unsuccessful. He ordered
that all those wanting to visit Kerbala would have their fingers
cut off, then hand and feet cut then only be able to go if one other
from the family was killed. Imam still asked Shias to visit Kerbala.
When Mutawakkil saw that all had failed and it did not discourage
the visits than he banned all visits to Kerbala completely.
Mutawakkil called Imam to Samarra. Imam was called under the pretext
of respect and love towards him. Imam was aware of Mutawakkil's
intentions but went knowing that this would be an opportunity to
show the Turks too what true Islam was. On arriving in Samarra the
Turkish spies sent with Imam were amazed at Imam's knowledge of
the Turkish language when he had never visited the Turks before.
It was an opportunity for Imam to prepare the Mu'mineen in Samarra
for ghaibat. Imam was put up in an Inn which was meant for beggars,
destitute and criminals. From this Inn he was removed and put into
the custody of an evil man called Zarraqui (who changed to be an
avid supporter of Imam) and then a man called Seyyid.
Mutawakkil knew of the progress Imam had made in Madina in 14 years
of spreading knowledge. In fact he himself had to ask Imam when
the Caesar of Rome wrote to him (Mutawakkil) to ask him:
"I have heard that there is a chapter of a divinely revealed book
which does not contain the letters ( t d k S X ) and if this chapter
is recited it grants the reciter paradise! I would like to know
which chapter and in which book and why these letters are not present".
Mutawakkil's 'Ulema' were confused and eventually Mutawakkil turned
to Imam. Imam told him that the chapter was Suratul Fatiha in the
Qur'an and the above letters were not present because it was a chapter
of mercy and each of the above letters represented words of Adhab
(punishment) or Ghadhab (anger of Allah).
e.g.*- jaheem (hell), *- khusr (loss), *- zaqqum (fruit of Jahannam)
Mutawakkil seeing that he could not humiliate Imam in any way, he
announced his arrival in Samarra as Ibnur Ridha (son of 8th Imam)
and subjected him to things such as handing him a glass of wine
in his hands in his court, asking him to sing, making him run in
front of his (Mutawakkil's) carriage..etc. Imam Hasan Al-Askery
(a.s.) was placed under separate house arrest than his father at
the young age of 5 years as Mutawakkil did not want the birth of
the 12th Imam.
Whilst under house arrest Imam Ali An-Naqi (a.s.) arranged for the
coming of Bibi Nargis to Samarra and for her to be well versed in
Fiqh by his learned sister Bibi Hakima.
Imam spent his life making the imminent ghaibat of the 12th Imam
easier. Soon after, Mutawakkil was killed by his own son who could
not withstand the behaviour of his father.
After Mutawakkil's death his son Muntasir was the successor and
he lifted the restrictions of visiting Kerbala. His rule was unlike
his father's tyranny but remained in power for only 6 months and
died at the age of 25 years. Then came Mustan Billah (Ahmed bin
Mo'tasam) followed by Mo'taz Billah who continued his tyranny on
Imam and his followers.
Martyrdom
Mo'taz arranged for the poisoning of Imam through an ambassador
and Imam was martyred on Monday 3rd Rajab 254 a.h. nobody except
Imam Hasan Askery (a.s.) was present at the time of his death. he
gave his father ghusl and kafan and wept bitterly.
Children of Imam Ali Naqi (a.s.)
It is reported that Imam had 5 children
Imam
Hasan Al-Askery (a.s.) the Eleventh Imam.
Husayn.
Muhammad (known as Syed Muhammad - Tomb near tomb of Balad).
Ja'fer.
Aaliya.
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