Hazrat Amir-ul-Mo'mineen
Ali ibn Abi Talib a.s
Asalamoalaka ya Ameer ul Momineen Imam Ali Ibn Abitalib
a.s.
Name -
Ali
Title -
Al-Murtaza, Al-Amir-ul-Mo'mineen, Abu-Turab, Asadullah
Kunyat -
Abul Hasan
Born -
Friday 13th of Rajab, in the Holy Ka'ba
Father's Name -
Abu Talib-ibne-Abdul Muttalib
Mother's Name -
Fatima bint-e-Asad
Died -
at the age of 63 years, at Kufa, on Monday, the
21st Ramadan 40 AH, murdered by an assassin who mortally wounded him with
a poisoned sword in the Mosque at Kufa during morning prayers on the 19th
of Ramadan.
Buried -
Najaf, near Kufa.
The Life of the Commander of the
Faithful
Harzat Imam Ali Ibn e Abu Talib (a.s)
(This part gives) an account of the Commander of
the faithful, peace be on him, the first of the Imams of the belicvers,
of the rulers (wulat) of the Muslims and of God's (appointed) successors
in religion after the Apostle of God, the truthful one and the trusted
one, Muhammad b. Abd Allah, the seal of the Prophets, blessings on him
and his pure family. (He was) the brother of the Apostle of God and his
paternal cousin, and his helper (wazir) in his affair, his son-in- law
(being married) to his daughter, Fatima the chaste, mistress of the women
of the universe. (The full name of) the Commander of the faithful is Ali
b. Abi Talib b. Abd al Muttalib b. Hashim b. Abd Manaf. (He was) the Lord
of the testamentary trustees of authority (wasiyyin), the best of blessing
and peace be on him. His kunya was Abu al-Hasan.
He was born in the Sacred House (i.e. the Kaba)
in Mecca on Friday, the thirteenth day of the month of Rajab, thirty years
after the Year of the Elephant (c.570). Nobody before or after him has
ever been born in the House of God, the Most High. (It was a mark) of
him being honoured by God, the Most High, may His name be exalted, and
of his position being dignified in its greatness.
His mother was Fatima, daughter of Asad b. Hashim
b. Abd Manaf, may God be pleased with her. She was like a mother to the
Apostle of God, may God bless him and his family, and he (the Apostle)
was brought up under her care.
He was grateful for her kindness and she was among
the first to believe in him and she emigrated with him in the group of
the emigrants. When she died, the Prophet shrouded her with his own shirt
in order to protect her from the insects of the earth, and he laid her
to rest in her grave in order that, through that, she might be protected
from (the crushing pressure of) the narrow space within the grave. He
dictated to her her last words (which were) the statement of the authority
(wilaya) of her son, the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him, so
that at the examination after burial, she would be able to reply with
those words. He singled her out with this great favour because of her
position with God, may He be magnified and exalted, and with him, peace
be on hinn. The report of that is well known.
The Commander of the faithful, Ali b. Abi Talib,
peace be on him, and his brothers were among the leading members of the
second generation of descendants of Hashim. In this way he gained two
marks of nobility, through his growing up under the care and education
of the Apostle of God, may God bless him and his family. He was the first
of the family of the House and of the Companions to believe in God and
His Apostle. He was the first male whom the Prophet, may God bless him
and his family, summoned to Islam and who answered. He never ceased to
support the religion and to strive against the polytheists. He constantly
defended the faith and fought against those who supported deviation (from
the truth) and despotism. He spread the teachings of the sunna (the practice
of thc Prophet) and the Qur'an, judged with justice and enjoined (people)
to do good.
He was with the Apostle of God, may God bless him
and his family, twenty-three years after the (coming) of the (prophetic)
mission. Of these, thirteen years were in Mecca before thc migration when
he shared with him all the persecutions and bore most of his hardships.
Then there were ten years in Medina after thc emigration when he defended
him against the polytheists and strove with him against the unbelievers.
He protected him with his own life from the enemies of religion until
the time God, the Exalted, took (the Prophet) to His heaven, raised him
to the highest place in heaven and bestowed His blessings and peace on
him and his family. On that day the Commander of the faithful, peace be
on him, was thirty-three years of age.
On the day of the death of the Prophet, may God
bless him and his family, the community differed over his Imamate. His
Shia who were all the Banu Hashim, Salman, Ammar, Abu Dharr, al-Miqdad,
Khuzayma b. Thabit - the man who is known as the possessor of two testimonies
- Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, Jabir b. Abd Allah al-Ansari Abu Said al-Khudri
and people like them among the important emigrants and Ansar, (all these)
maintained that he was the successor (khalifa) after the Apostle of God,
may God bless him and his family, and the Imam. (They did this) because
of his outstanding merit (fadl) above all mankind, through the fact that
there were gathered in him the qualities of outstanding merit, judgement
and perfection, such as him being the first of the community to enter
the faith, his superiority over them in knowledge of the laws, his precedence
over them in fighting (jihad) and the distinction which set him apart
from them in the extent of his piety, asceticism and righteousness.
Furthermore he had been specially singled out by
the Prophet from among (all) his relations because of (the qualities)
which no other relation, apart from him, shared with the Prophet and because
of the nomination (nass) of his authority (wilaya) by God, may God be
magnified and exalted, in the Qur'an where He, may His name be exalted,
says:
It is known that no one except him paid alms while
bowing (in prayer).
It has been established in language that wali means
"the most appropriate for authority" (awla), without there being any opposition
(to this definition). If the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him,
was, by the stipulation of the Qur'an, more appropriate for authority
among the people than themselves because of his being their wali according
to the textual nomination (nass) in the Clear Explanation (i.e. the Qur'an,
tibyan), it was obviously necessary for all of them to obey him, just
as obedience to God, the Most High, and obedience to His Apostle, peace
be on him and his family, was required because of the information about
their authority (wilaya) over creatures which is given in this verse with
clear proof.
(Another reason for their support for the Commander
of the faithful was) because of what the Prophet, may God bless him and
his family, said on the day (of the assembly) at his house. He had especially
gathered the Banu Abd al-Muttalib there in order to make the (following)
solemn pledge:
Then the Commander of the faithful, peace be on
him, stood up before him among all the gathering of them, and on that
day he was the youngest of them, and he said:
Then the Prophet, may God bless him and his family,
said:
This is a clear statement about the succession
(after the Prophet).
In addition, there is also what (the Prophet),
peace be on him and his family, said on the day of Ghadir Khumm. The community
had gathered to listen to the sermon (in which he asked):
Yes, they answered.
Then he spoke to them in an ordered manner without
any interruption in his speech:
Thus he (the Prophet) required for him (Ali), through
laying down obedience to him and his authority (over them), the same authority
as he had over them, and which he made them acknowledge and which they
did not deny. This is clear (evidence) of the nomination (nass) of him
for the Imamate and for succession to his position.
Furthermore there is (the Prophet's), peace be
on him and his family, statement to him at the time of setting out to
Tabuk:
Thus he required him (to have) the office of helping
(i.e. administering) and to be characterised by love and outstanding merit
over everyone. (He also required) his deputising for him both during his
life and after his death. The Qur'an gives evidence for all that coming
to Aaron (Harun) from Moses, peace be on them, when God, may He be magnified
and exalted, said in giving a report of what Moses, peace be on him, said:
God, the Most Exalted said:
This (verse) confirmed that Aaron had a share with
Moses in prophecy, and in helping in delivering the message and his support
was strengthened through him by his aid. (Moses) also told him of deputising
for him (when he said):
This confirms his succession by the precise statement
of revelation. Therefore when the Apostle of God, may God bless him and
his family, gave all the ranks which Aaron had from Moscs to the Commander
of the faithful, peace be on him, in the same extent, except for prophecy,
(all such things) were required of him as helping the Apostle, giving
him support, outstanding merit and love, because these qualities were
definitely required by that. Then by the clear statement there is his
deputising for him during his life and "after the prophethood" which (gives
evidence of his succession) by specification of the exception, (of Prophethood)
when he excludes him from it by mentioning "after".
The Imamate of the Commander of the faithful, peace
be on him, was for thirty years after the Prophet, may God bless him and
his family. For twenty-four years and six months of these he was prevented
from administering the laws (of the office) (and had to) exercise precautionary
dissimulation (taqiyya) and withdrawal. For five years and six months
of these, he was troubled by wars against the hypocrites, those who broke
their pledges, the unjust and those who deviated (from the religion) and
he was plagued by the seditions of those who had gone astray. In the same
way the Apostle of God, may God bless him and his family, had been prevented
from (administering) the laws (of his office) through fear and through
being spied upon, and through being a fugitive and through being exiled,
so that he had no power to fight the unbelievers and no means of defending
the believers. Then he emigrated and for ten years after the emigration
he remained making war on the unbelievers and being troubled by the hypocrites
until the time that God, may His name be exalted, took him unto Himself
and made him dwell in the gardens of Paradise.
The death of the Commander of the faithful, peace
be on him occurred before dawn of Friday, the twenty-first of the month
of Ramadan, in the year 40 A.H. He was a victim of the sword. Ibn Muljam
al-Muradi, may God curse him, killed him at the mosque of Kufa, which
he had come out to in order to wake the people for the dawn prayer on
the night of the nineteenth of the month of Ramadan. He had been lying
in wait for him from the beginning of the night. When he (the Commander
of the faithful) passed by him while the latter was hiding his design
by feigning sleep amid a group of people who were asleep, he (Ibn Muljam)
sprang out and struck him on the top of his head with his sword which
was poisoned. He lingered through the day of the nineteenth and the night
and day of the twentieth and the first third of the night of the twenty-first.
Then he, peace be on him, died a martyr and met his Lord, Most High, as
one who has been wronged. He, peace be on him, knew of that before its
time and he told the people of it before its time. His two sons, al- Hasan
and al-Husayn, peace be on them, performed (the tasks) of washing him
and shrouding him according to his bequest. Then they carried him to al-Ghari
at Najaf in Kufa and they buried him there. They removed the traces of
the place of his burial according to his bequest which was made about
that to hath of them by him, because of what he, peace be on him, knew
about the regime of the Umayyads (which would come) after him, and their
hostile attitude towards him. (For he knew) the evil action and abuse
to which they would be led by their wicked intentions if they had been
able to know that (place). His grave, peace be on him, remained hidden
until al-Sadiq Jafar b. Muhammad, peace be on them, pointed it out during
the Abbasid regime. For he visited it when he came to visit Abu Ja'far
(al-Mansur) while the latter was in al-Hira. Then the Shi'a knew of it
and they began from that time to make visitation to his (grave), peace
be on him and on his pure offspring.
On the day of his death he was 63 years of age.
Imam Ali (as) First in many Fields
... and many many more
Imam Ali and the Ancient Prophets
... and many many more
|
The Brother of The Prophet MohammadThe Imam Ali Table of ContentsPART ITHE IMAM ALI DURING THE ERA OF THE PROPHETHOOD1. THE HOUSE OF THE PROPHET MOHAMMADPART IITHE IMAM DURING THE ERA OF THE THREE CALIPHS,16 ABU BAKR SUCCEEDSBIBLIOGRAPHYACKNOWLEDGMENTS ABOUT THE AUTHOR INTRODUCTIONPART IIITHE IMAM IN HIS OWN ERA22. THE ELECTION OF THE IMAM ALIPART IV THE CALIPHATE IN THE ISLAMIC LAW32. SHOULD THE FIRST CALIPHATE HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED BY INHERITANCE, POPULAR ELECTION, OR BY THE PROPHET'S SELECTION |
Ghadir Content |
Certainty Uncovered
Translaition of
|
||
| Translator’s Note | 7 | |
| About the Author Biography of `Allamah Hilli | 8 | |
| Said About Him His Teachers His Pupils His Works His Birth Place of Death and Tomb |
9 10 10 11 11 11 |
|
|
Preface |
12 |
|
| `Ali’s Virtues Before His Birth | 16 | |
| `Ali’s Virtues At Creation And Birth |
20 |
|
| `Ali’s Virtues In Boyhood And Maturity | 22 | |
| `Ali’s Spiritual Virtues Faith `Ali’s Prescience `Ali’s Courage In Battlefields `Ali’s Piety `Ali’s Generosity and Magnanimity `Ali’s Religiosity, Piety and Prayer `Ali’s Good Temper `Ali’s Forbearance Imam `Ali’s Physical Excellence and Superiority `Ali’s Worship Jihad in the Way of Allah Battle of Badr The Battle of Uhud `Ali’s Courage in the Battle of Khandaq (The Ditch) Imam `Ali’s Precedence to Believing in the Holy Prophet `Ali and Surah Bara’ah `Ali’s Contradictory Virtues (Polarization) `Ali’s Maxims |
24 24 66 78 80 84 92 102 106 106 106 110 112 114 120 166 168 170 172 |
|
| Imam `Ali’s External Virtues and Merits | 190 | |
| `Ali’s Genealogy `Ali’s Marriage with Lady Fatimah `Ali, the Holy Prophet’s Brother Only Door of `Ali’s House Open to the Masjid Mutual Curse (Mubahalah) Love for `Ali, A Must `Ali, the Holy Qur’an, and the truth are Inseparable Whoever I Am the Master, `Ali Is His Master The Prophet’s Appointment of `Ali for the Next Leadership `Ali; Amir al-Mu’minin The Unity of `Ali and the Holy Prophet The Story of the Grilled Bird `Ali is the Best Creature Warning Against Those Challenging `Ali’s Authority `Ali Compared to Surah al-Ikhlas, the Holy Ka`bah, and the head of the Holy Prophet; and the duty towards him is like the duty towards fathers `Ali’s Ablution with Heavenly Water `Ali, a Great Master More Merits of Imam `Ali Virtues of `Ali’s Children Virtues of `Ali’s Spouse Verses Revealed in Honor of `Ali The Holy Prophet’s Progeny is From the Issue of `Ali, the Distributor of Paradise and Hellfire Munashadah The Holy Prophet’s Prayer for `Ali Divine Punishment for `Ali’s Enemies `Ali and the Jews (The Story of the Companions of the Cave) `Ali on the Shoulders of the Holy Prophet Mentioning and Looking at `Ali; sorts of Worship `Ali’s Station on the Day of Judgment Seeking Guidance from `Ali The Story of a Dinar `Ali Found `Ali, an Aide of the Holy Prophet and Fatimah `Ali During the Night Journey The Holy Prophet’s Sacrificing his father for `Ali and promising him with Paradisiacal gardens God Decrees the Holy Prophet to Express `Ali’s Merits `Ali’s Arch-Enemy, Zubayr ibn Bakkar `Ali’s Valor |
190 194 200 204 208 214 224 228 236 242 250 256 258 260 264 264 266 268 268 296 300 330 332 340 340 346 364 366 366 368 368 372 376 376 378 392 402 |
|
| `Ali’s Posthumous Miracles | 406 | |
| Final Note |
424 |
|
| Endnotes | 427 | |
The Sufferings of Amirol Mo’minin
|
||
Massoudi, Majid, The Sufferings of Amirol Mo’minin Ali bin Abi Talib Life and Martyrdom\ by Majid Massoudi; Translated by Farid Mohammadi.-Qum: Ansariyan, 2008. 47 p. ISBN: 978-964-438-959-7 Original Title: مصائب أمير المؤمنين علي بن أبي طالب زندگي و شهادت 1. Ali Ibn Abitaleb, Imam I, 599 – 962 – Biography. I. Mohammadi, Farid, Tr. II. Title. 297.951 BP 37.35 .M38 |
Author: Majid Massoudi
Translator: Seyyid Farid Mohammadi
Publisher: Ansariyan Publication
First Edition: 2008 – 1387 – 1429
Sadr Press
Pages: 48
Copies: 2000
Size: 145 x 210 mm
ISBN: 978-964-438-959-7
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED AND RECORDED FOR THE PUBLISHER
ANSARIYAN PUBLICATIONS
22, Shohada St.,
P.O. Box 187 - Qum
Islamic Republic Of Iran
Tel: 00 98 251 7741744 Fax: 7742647
Email: ansarian@noornet.net & Int_ansarian@yahoo.com
www.ansariyan.org & www.ansariyan.net
Translator: Seyyid Farid Mohammadi
Publisher: Ansariyan Publication
First Edition: 2008 – 1387 – 1429
Sadr Press
Pages: 48
Copies: 2000
Size: 145 x 210 mm
ISBN: 978-964-438-959-7
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED AND RECORDED FOR THE PUBLISHER
ANSARIYAN PUBLICATIONS
22, Shohada St.,
P.O. Box 187 - Qum
Islamic Republic Of Iran
Tel: 00 98 251 7741744 Fax: 7742647
Email: ansarian@noornet.net & Int_ansarian@yahoo.com
www.ansariyan.org & www.ansariyan.net
TABLE OF CONTENTS
IMAM ALI (S)
|
 5  TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
| PREFACE | |
| SELF DENIAL AND PIETY | |
| ADVENT OF ISLAM AND THE ROLE OF IMAM ALI | |
| 6 |
|
| THE HUMANE QUALITIES OF IMAM ALI (S) | |
| HOW AND BY WHICH WAY CAN WE REACH THE TRUTH OF ISLAM? | |
| REFERENCE BOOKS | |
A VICTIM LOST
|
|||
Labbaf, Ali,
A Victim Lost in Saqifah/ Ali Labbaf; Translated by Hassan Najafi.-Qum: Ansariyan, 2008. 576 P. ISBN: 978-964-438-976–8 Original Title: مظلومي گمشده در سقيفه 1. Saqifeh Bani Sa’edeh. 2. Ali ibn Abitaleb, Imam I. 599 – 661 – Proof of Calihpate. I. Najafi, Hasan, Tr. 294.452 BP 223.54 .L32 |
مظلوم السقيفة باللّغة الانجليزية
Revised Edition with Comprehensive Additions
A VICTIM LOST IN SAQIFAH
Author: Ali Labbaf
With an introduction by Sayyid Muhammad Dhiyabaadi
Translator: Dr. Hasan Najafi
Publisher: Ansariyan Publications
First Edition: 2008 -1429 - 1387
Neqeen Press
Quantity: 2000
No. of pages: 576
Size: 162 x 229 mm
ISBN: 978-964-438-976-8
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED AND RECORDED FOR THE PUBLISHER
Revised Edition with Comprehensive Additions
A VICTIM LOST IN SAQIFAH
Author: Ali Labbaf
With an introduction by Sayyid Muhammad Dhiyabaadi
Translator: Dr. Hasan Najafi
Publisher: Ansariyan Publications
First Edition: 2008 -1429 - 1387
Neqeen Press
Quantity: 2000
No. of pages: 576
Size: 162 x 229 mm
ISBN: 978-964-438-976-8
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED AND RECORDED FOR THE PUBLISHER
ANSARIYAN PUBLICATIONS
P.B. Box 187
22, Shohada Str. – Qum
Islamic Republic of Iran
Tel: 0098 251 7741744 Fax 7742647
Email: ansarian@noornet.net & Int_ansarian@yahoo.com
www.ansariyan.org & www.ansariyan.net
P.B. Box 187
22, Shohada Str. – Qum
Islamic Republic of Iran
Tel: 0098 251 7741744 Fax 7742647
Email: ansarian@noornet.net & Int_ansarian@yahoo.com
www.ansariyan.org & www.ansariyan.net
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FUNDAMENTALS OF EVALUATION AND CRITICISM OF WRITINGS ON ISLAMIC UNITY
NECESSITY OF THOUGHT FOR ISLAMIC UNITY
VALUABLE STANDARDS OF WORKSHEET OF THE THOUGHT OF ISLAMIC UNITY
FAMILIARITY WITH WRITINGS ON THOUGHTS OF ISLAMIC UNITY
AWARENESS OF BASICS OF INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT – RESEARCH TOWARDS CREATING ISLAMIC UNITY
KEEPING QUIET AND PROHIBITING DIFFERENCE-CREATING ACTIVITIES
Criticism and Analysis
Invitation to Silence as Open-mindedness
Invitation to Keep Quiet as Mark of Sympathy
Invitation to Keep Quiet for Confidentiality
32
41
43
44
ADOPT COMMON THINGS AND IGNORE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISLAMIC SECTS
Criticism and Analysis
45
TO MAKE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO SCHOOLS SO LIGHT AS TO APPEAR DEPTHLESS
Criticism and Analysis
51
Criticism and Analysis
Conclusion
Conclusion
Reminder
58
61
63
64
Second Wrong Result
Third Wrong Result
Fourth Wrong Result
1 – This Difference must be acknowledged:
2 – This Difference in Religion is neither rejected nor blamed:
3 – This Difference is desirable and useful:
4 – This Difference is not Harmful, it solves difficulty:
5 – This Difference is Good – there is nothing wrong in it:
66
67
69
69
69
69
70
70
EXCUSING THOSE WHO TURN AWAY FROM IMAMATE AND SCHOOL OF AHLE BAYT (A.S.)
Criticism and Analysis
Another Criticism and Analysis
77
86
ALTERATIONS IN BELIEFS OF SHIA JA’FARI TWELVE IMAMITE FAITH
IMAMATE AND RULERSHIP
INTRODUCTION
89
THREE TYPES OF SEPARATIONS BETWEEN IMAMATE AND RULERSHIP
GUARDIANSHIP AND IMAMATE IS INSEPARABLE FROM APPARENT CALIPHATE
TO SHOW RULERSHIP OF LESS VALUE THAN IMAMATE
Criticism and Analysis
115
REMOVING IMAMATE FROM PRINCIPLES OF FAITH AND MAKING IT A FUNDAMENTAL OF SCHOOL
Criticism and Analysis
120
AIM OF ESCHEWING SHIA TEACHINGS
A question that arises in the mind is that:
Closing Reminder
124
127
DEVIATION IN THE MEANING OF DIVINELY-GRANTED CALIPHATE OF ALI
Criticism and Analysis
130
Caliphate is not a Monopoly of Amirul Momineen (a.s.)!
Second Wrong Result
Caliph cannot be Exclusively Ali after the Prophet
Third Wrong Result
Usurpation of Ali’s Caliphate is no more in Question!
Fourth Wrong Result
Caliphate of Caliphs is not illegitimate!
Warning:
Propagation of these Conjectures in the Name of Open-mindedness
Relation of Imamate and Caliphate from Shia Viewpoint
The wrong framing of the issue
135
135
135
136
136
136
136
137
137
137
137
137
DENIAL OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ALI AND CALIPHS
Criticism and Analysis
What History says?
The Result
Reminder
148
150
153
153
Criticism and Scrutiny
157
TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE LEGITIMACY OF CALIPHS’ GOVERNMENT
Scrutiny and Criticism
Unanswered Questions
161
164
SOLUTION OF SHIA TO CREATE ISLAMIC UNITY
REFLECTION ON SHIA IDEAL OF ISLAMIC UNITY IN THE ZAHRA’S SPEECH
DISCOURSE ONE
CRITICISM AND INVESTIGATION ABOUT PROPAGANDA OF SILENCE OF AMIRUL MOMINEEN
Conjectures that claim ‘Letting go of Caliphate linked with consent’
Conjectures that claim ‘Detachment of Amirul Momineen (a.s.) from Caliphate and overlooking it, after six months of Abu Bakr’ Caliphate’
Conjectures that claim ‘Absence of plan of right of Caliphate and not proving the School of Imamate’
Did Amirul Momineen (a.s.) Leave Caliphate and Overlook his Rights?
Correct Analysis about Ali’s reaction to Usurpation of Caliphate
Conclusion
175
175
176
177
178
183
Amirul Momineen (a.s.) and Declaration of Illegitimacy of Caliphate
Final Judgment on Silence of Amirul Momineen (a.s.)
To what extent Ali Believed in Preserving Silence?
Did Ali Refrain from Arguing about Imamate?
189
190
195
196
CRITICISM AND SCRUTINY OF ANALYSES PROPAGATED ABOUT CONSULTATION OF CALIPHS WITH ALI
Does Consultation Alone Suffices to Prove Good Relations?
Analysis of Consultation of Caliphs with Amirul Momineen (a.s.) on the basis of Statistical Scrutiny
Chart of Consultations of Three Caliphs with Amirul Momineen (a.s.)
216
218
218
Items of consultation of Umar with Imam Ali (a.s.)
Did the Second Caliph always consult Ali? Did he always accept his view?
Instances of Uthman consulting Amirul Momineen Ali (a.s.)
Results of Statistical Analysis
Final Analysis about Caliphs’ Consultation with Amirul Momineen (a.s.)
Theological Reminder
Differences between the Aims of Caliphs and Ali Regarding Consultations
227
228
229
231
232
239
239
CRITICISM AND SCRUTINY OF ANALYSES PUBLICIZED REGARDING ALI’S COOPERATION WITH CALIPHS’ GOVERNMENT
What do Historical Documents and Sources Indicate?
Conclusion
244
247
Surrendering Responsibility to Ali in Some Particular Items
254
Conclusion
Conjecture mentioned in Haft Aasmaan Magazine – A Reply to it
263
264
Criticism and Analysis
271
Forced Participations of Amirul Momineen Ali (a.s.) in Caliphs’ Government
278
Result drawn from contemplating on these headings:
284
Relations of the First Caliph with the Family of Revelation (a.s.)
Historical Reminder
291
296
A glance at historical documents
Conclusion
302
308
The prosperity in the next world for Umar by means of this marriage
Immunity of Second Caliph about crimes committed against Ahle Bayt (a.s.)
Suggestion of Umar having gained the satisfaction of Ahle Bayt particularly that of Hazrat Zahra (s.a.)
Baraat, a principle of Shia belief now is put under question
Enmity and rancor of Umar towards Ali is covered
To show relations between Ali and Umar to be friendly
Giving legitimacy to Umar’s Caliphate and distancing it from term of usurpation
Can only marriage with bin Hashim be a proof of friendship?
Criticism and Investigation
View of the first category of Shia scholars
Why this rumor gained currency?
Outlook of second category of Shia scholars
Opinion of Ustad Sayyid Ali Husaini Milani
How many daughters did Ali have named Umme Kulthum?
Outlook of Ayatullah Marashi Najafi
Another Analysis about the Marriage of Umme Kulthum with Umar
Relations of the Third Caliph with the House of Divine Revelation
A glance at historical documents
312
312
312
313
313
313
313
314
314
315
317
319
323
328
329
329
331
331
Why Ali named his sons after Caliphs?
Name of Muawiyah in use
Name of Yazid in use
Another outlook about these namings
Are narrations attributed to Ali about his praise of Caliphs correct?
Narrations in Sunni books
Narrations mentioned in Nahjul Balagha and Al-Gharaat
The Researcher Shushtari’s outlook
Had Ali accepted the legitimacy of Caliphs’ Government?
The text of the Imam’s letter to Muawiyah copied from Waqatus Siffeen
Conclusion
338
339
339
342
342
342
344
347
353
355
357
ZAHRA’S MARTYRDOM IS NOT FICTION
MOTIVE OF THIS RESEARCH
CLAIM OF RIGHTEOUS CALIPHATE IS UNTRUE
PIETY AND SIMPLICITY SCRUTINIZED
Political Piety
Piety or Public Deception
Hypocritical Piety
Personal use of Public Funds
Clandestine Luxury
Support to Royal life and Hoarding Wealth
1 – Support to Muawiyah
2 – Support to Tameem
3 – Support to Zaid bin Thabit
4 – Support to Qunfudh
Properties of Staff Members
Selection of officers
Selection of Mughaira bin Shoba
Selection of Khalid bin Waleed
Selection of Amr bin Aas
Piety without a Holy war
Pleasant Food
Rivalry to piety of Amirul Momineen (a.s.)
388
389
390
395
399
401
401
403
403
404
404
406
406
407
407
408
409
410
SCRUTINY OF SOCIAL JUSTICE
Love for the People
Social Classes
Policy of Racial Discrimination
1 – Prohibition for non-Arabs to enter Medina
2 – Retaliation of Arab through non-Arab prohibited
3 – Prohibition to Speak in Language other than Arabic
4 – Objection against Rulership of Nobles over Quraish
5 – Restriction for Non-Arabs to marry Arab ladies
6 – Minimum possible allowance for non-Arabs from public treasury
7 – Distinction between an Arab living in a town and an Arab living in deserts
Racial discrimination Resulted in Advantage to Arabs
Cause of Rulers’ Greatness in view of Arabs
Influence of Greatness of Rulers over Ali’s Government
414
415
420
423
423
424
424
424
424
425
427
428
429
SCRUTINY OF JUDICIAL JUSTICE
1 – Two ways of dealing – with Zahra and Jabir bin Abdullah Ansaari
2 – Double Standard Treatment between Son of Amr Aas and Ubadah bin Samit
3 – Different Treatment between the Son of Amr Aas and Mughaira bin Shoba
Ignoring Calls of Oppressed
433
435
436
437
ANALYSIS OF THE RIGHTS OF LEGAL OPPONENTS
Iron-handed policy
Stamp of Apostasy
Examples of Caliphate facing its legal opponents
Malik bin Nuwairah
Two Reminders
Saad bin Ubadah
Umme Farwa
Fujayat al-Salma was burnt
439
441
457
457
459
462
464
464
ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL LIBERTIES
Dealing with Zaid bin Muawiyah Qashari
Behavior with Nasr bin Hajjaj
Sacrifices of Limitations
Ibn Abbas
Roughness and Extremism
466
473
474
474
477
ZAHRA’S SPEECH DESCRIBES THE SOCIAL CONDITIONS AFTER USURPATION OF CALIPHATE AND IDENTIFIES THE ILLS IN POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
SECTION ONE
ALLEGIANCE OF AMIRUL MOMINEEN TO CALIPHS
ABSENCE OF ALI’S APPROVAL TO ABU BAKR’S CALIPHATE
Conclusion
What is the Meaning of Silence?
What is the Meaning of Allegiance?
Comparison of silence to Bay’at
Conditions of achieving Bay’at
491
492
493
495
496
EFFORTS TO OBTAIN IMAM ALI’S (A.S.) BAY’AT AFTER THE PROPHET’S DEMISE
A Look at Historical Proofs and Documents in Sunni Sources
Conclusion
Where did the efforts of Emigrants for taking forced Bay’at from Ali end?
How Sunnis narrate this event?
Conclusion of the Eight Documents
Remark
ِttack on Zahra’s house and efforts for taking Bay’at from Ali (a.s.)
Final Conclusion
Abu Bakr’s Caliphate was always shown by Ali as not rightful.
500
504
505
509
510
511
512
513
513
LACK OF PUBLIC SATISFACTION FROM ABU BAKR’S CALIPHATE
Another look at Historical Documents about Public Allegiance to Abu Bakr
515
EFFORTS TO PROVE THE BAY’AT WAS OF FREE CHOICE AFTER ZAHRA’S MARTYRDOM
Cause of Zahra’s wrath against Abu Bakr
Motive of Sunnis in proving the occurrence of this Bay’at?
In how many ways Sunnis narrate this incident?
Criticism of Three Standards in Narrations of Sunni Sources Concerning willing Bay’at
Scrutiny into allegation of becoming Murtad of some Arabs
Allegation of Sunni Sect concerning the Bay’at having had taken place because of Murtads cannot be considered reliable
Investigation on reliability of this narration
Investigation of correctness and occurrence of the Battle of Abraq and events following it
Result
Analysis of proof of this narration
Continuation of scrutiny about authenticity of Abraq battle and events following it
Result
Another look at the case of Apostasy of Arabs
Conclusion
Three main outcomes of scrutiny of the issue of Apostasy of Arabs
On the margins of analysis of issue of apostasy of Arabs
Last Reminder
Scrutiny into narrations regarding the letter of Ali
Remark about Al-Gharaat
Common points in Narrations of Ibne Qutaibah and Thaqafi
A glance at the incident mentioned in this letter
Outcome
Investigation of credibility of sources mentioned in this letter
Evidences that show deviation in Al-Gharaat
The signs of interpolation in Evidence 1
Signs of forgery in Evidence 2
Results of the investigation of above evidences
A look towards inadvertency of Balazari to the contents of the letter of Ali
Three prime results of scrutiny of Ali’s letter
On the margin of scrutiny of the letter of Amirul Momineen (a.s.)
Scrutiny of Narrations about the secret meeting of Ali with Abu Bakr
Excuse for compromise with Abu Bakr!
Testimony to the superiority of Abu Bakr!
Caliphate was a bounty that God gave to Abu Bakr!
Accepting that inheritance of Prophet was Sadaqah!
The Prophet preferred Abu Bakr to others!
Deviated Consequences of Forged Narrations
What does history say?
Final conclusion about Bay’at by choice as Sunnis claim
520
521
523
523
523
524
524
526
528
528
528
531
531
533
534
534
536
536
537
537
538
538
539
540
540
541
543
543
545
547
547
548
549
549
549
549
549
551
553
INFLUENCE OF DEVIATION ON SHIA BELIEF OF IMAMATE
IMAMATE AND CALIPHATE FROM SUNNI VIEWPOINT
SUNNI-INCLINED INTERPRETATIONS OF IMAMATE AND WILAYAT
Reminder
575
CAUTION OF WILAYAT AND WARNING OF HAZRAT ZAHRA (S.A.) ABOUT THE BEGINNING OF DEVIATION IN BELIEF OF IMAMATE
(Index)
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