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Hazrat Imam Muhammed Taqi


Hazrat Imam Muhammed Taqi a.s
Asalamoalaka ya Imam Muhammed Taqi a.s.
Name - Ja'far
Name - Mohammad
Title - At-Taqi and Al-Jawad
Kunyat - Abu Ja'far
Born - Friday 10th of Rajab 195 A.H. , at Medina
Father's Name - Ali ibn Musa
Mother's Name - Khaizuran
Died - At the age of 25 years, at Kazmain , on Wednesday, 29th Zilqad 220 AH. Poisoned by Mu'tasin the Abbaside Caliph
Buried - in Kazmain, Bagdad.

Hazrat Imam Muhammad At-Taqi (a.s)


His Parents & Birth
He was the only son of Imam Ali Ridha (a.s.) The Prophet (S.A.W.) had said:

"My father be sacrificed on the mother of the 9th Imam who will be a pure and pious Nubian."

Imam Musa Kadhim (A.S.) had told one of his companions that his daughter-in-law (Sabika) would be one of the most pious of women and to give her his salaams. She came from the same tribe as the Prophet's wife - Mary Copt who bore the Prophet his son Ibrahim (who died in infancy).

Imam Muhammad Taqi (a.s.) was born when his father was 45 years old. Till then Imam Ali Ridha (a.s.) had constantly been taunted that he had no children. When the 9th Imam was born, a brother of Imam Ali Ridha (a.s.) was angry because he would lose out in inheriting the Imam's property and in his jealousy spread a rumour that Imam Ali Ridha (a.s.) was not the father. He was eventually proved wrong by a person who could tell parentage.


Childhood
The 9th Imam was 5 years old when his father was called to Baghdad by Mamun Rashid to be his 'heir apparent'. When Imam Ali Ridha (a.s.) was leaving he saw his son putting sand in his hair. He asked why and the young Imam replied that this was what an orphan did.


His titles, life & works
He became an Imam at the age of 9. Mamun Rashid thought that as all the rulers before him had oppressed the Imams and their schemes had backfired that he would try to bribe the Imams. He tried to make the 8th Imam his heir apparent and give him power and wealth but that also backfired.

He now tried to use power and wealth with the 9th Imam again but from a much younger age thinking that he would be able to influence him. His main purpose was also to make sure that the 12th Imam (whom he knew would bring justice to the world) would be from his progeny and therefore intended to give his daughter Ummul Fadhl to the Imam for a wife. Mamun still continued oppressing the family and followers of the Ahlul-bayt (a.s.).

Mamun called the young Imam (a.s.) to Baghdad from Madina and offered his daughter. This infuriated his family (Banu Abbas). To prove to them the excellence of Imam even at a young age he arranged a meeting between Imam and the most learned of men at that time - Yahya bin Athkam.

It was a grand occasion with some 900 other scholars present. Imam (a.s.) was first asked by Yahya:

What is the compensation (kaffara) for a person in Ehraam who hunted and killed his prey?"

Imam replied that there were many more details required before he could answer the question:

Did the Muhrim (one in Ehraam) hunt in the haram or outside?
Did the Muhrim know Sharia or not?
Did he hunt intentionally or not?
Did he hunt for the first time or was this one of many times?
Was he free or a slave?
Was his prey a bird or an animal?
Was it big or small?
Had he hunted by day or by night?
Was he baligh or not?
Was he repentant or not?
Was his ehraam for Hajj or Umra?
Yahya was stunned. He looked down and started sweating.

Mamun asked the young Imam to answer the question, which he did, and then Imam asked Yayha a question which he could not answer. The Banu Abbas admitted defeat and Mamun took the opportunity to offer his daughter in marraige to Imam. Imam (a.s.) read his own Nika (the khutba of which is used today) with the Mehr of 500 dirhams. Imam wrote a letter to Mamun that he would also give Ummul Fadhl Mehr from the wealth of Aakhira. This was in the form of 10 duas which were for fulfilling any hajaat (desires) [Chain of narrators upto Prophet - Jibrail - Allah]* . Thus his title Al-Jawad (the generous one).

* These duas are found in Mafatihul Jinaan (pg 447 - In margin)

Imam lived for a year in Baghdad with Ummul Fadhl. She was very disobedient to Imam. When she found out that Imam had another wife (from the progeny of Ammar-e-Yasir) and that there were also children, she was jealous and angry realizing that her father's plan had failed. She complained to her father who also realized that his plan, to keep the 12th Imam in his progeny, had failed. He was enraged and in his rage he drank heavily and went to the 9th Imam's house and attacked Imam with a sword. Both Ummul Fadhl and a servant saw the attack and believed Imam was dead. Mamun on waking next morning realized the consequences of his attack and was thinking of arranging the disposal of Imam's body when he saw Imam well without a scratch on him. He was confused and asked Imam who showed him an amulet which is called Hirze Jawad. Imam told him it was from his grand mother Bibi Fatima Zahra (a.s.) and kept the wearer safe from all except the angel of death. Mamun asked Imam for it and Imam gave him one.

Now Mamun was scared and tried a new tactic. He tried to deviate Imam by sending him beautiful girls and musicians. When he realised nothing was working he let Imam return to Madina.

Imam used this time to prepare the masails of Taqleed and Ijtihaad in preparation for the 12th Imam knowing that both the 10th and the 11th Imam would spend most of their lives in prison. He also prepared the people of Madina teaching true Islam knowing that this would be the last time they would be able to receive guidance directly from an Imam for a long time.

Ummul Fadhl continuously complained of Imam to her father who sent her letters back.

Mamun died in 218 a.h. and was succeeded by his brother Mo'tasam Billah. He openly announced that all Shias were not Muslims. He said it was required for people to kill and prosecute Shias, and to destroy property belonging to Shias.

Ummul Fadhl now started complaining to her uncle who was sympathetic to her. Mo'tasam called Imam to Baghdad. He asked Imam to pass judgement of how to punish a thief. Imam said only fingers could be cut as the palms were for Allah (as in Qur'an - it is one of the wajib parts to touch the ground during sajda). As this decision was contrary to the decision of the other 'Ulema' it strengthened the position of the Shias. The other 'Ulema' complained to Mo'tasam.

Death & Burial

With instigation from both the 'Ulema' and Ummul Fadhl, Mo'tasam sent poison which Ummul Fadhl put in Imam's drink and gave it to him. Imam died on 29th Dhulqa'ada at the age of 25 years and is buried near his grandfather in Kadhmain. His son the 10th Imam, Imam Ali un Naqi (a.s.) gave him ghusl and kafan.

Summary of Imam's Work

It is he who prepared and wrote books for the masails of Ijtihaad and Taqleed which were essential to prepare believers for the ghaibat of the 12th Imam.

Additional Notes

Once when the young Imam was on his way to Baghdad he came across Mamun's party returning from a hunting trip. All the other children on the street ran but the Imam did not.

Mamun asked the young Imam, "Why did you not run away?"

Imam said the road was wide enough for all of them and neither had he committed a sin. Mamun then asked him his identity.

After finding out, he asked Imam what he (Mamun) had in his hands. Imam replied "Allah has created tiny fish in the river. These fish are hunted by the Hawks of the kings and the descendants of the Prophets reveal the secrets".

The Life of Imam
Muhammad Al-Jawad

By: Baqir Shareef al-Qurashi

Author: Baqir Shareef al-Qurashi
Translator: Abdullah al-Shahin
Publisher: Ansariyan Publications – Qum
First Edition 1425 -1383 - 2005
Thamin Al-a'immah Press
Quantity: 2000
Number of Pages: 248
Size: 162 x 229 mm
ISBN: 964-438-653-1

ALL RIGHTS RECORDED AND RESERVED FOR THE PUBLISHER



 Ansariyan Publications
P.O. Box 187
22 Shohada St., Qum
Islamic Republic of  Iran
Tel: 0098 251 7741744 Fax: 7742647
Email: ansarian@noornet.net

www.ansariyan.net & www.ansariyan.org


TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Dedication 4
 Introduction 19
 His birth and upbringing 27
His Noble Lineage
His Father
His Mother
The Great Newborn
The Delight Of Imam Ar-Redha (A.S)
Ceremonies Of The Birth
His Surname
His Epithets
His Features
His Birthday
The Figure On His Ring (Seal)
His Upbringing
His Intelligence And Genius
Imam Ar-Redha Praises Imam Al-Jawad
Glorification
Impressions Of His Personality
1. Ath-Thahabi
2. Ibn Taymiya
3. As-Safadi
4. Ibn Al-Jawzi
5. Mahmood Bin Wuhayb
6. Az-Zarkali
7. Kamaludden
8. Ali Bin Eesa Al-Arbali
27
27
28
30
30
31
31
31
32
33
33
33
34
36
36
38
38
38
38
38
38
39
39
39
 Under the wing of his father 41
His Morals
His Asceticism
His Generosity
His Knowledge
His Worshipping
His Dignity
Opinions And Words
1. Al-Ma’moon
2. Ibrahim Bin Al-Abbas
3. Aarif Tamir
The Praise By The Poets
1. As-Souli
2. Abu Nu’ass
3. Abdullah Bin Al-Mubarak
Forcing Him To Accept The Position Of Heir Apparent
The Sermon Of Al-Ma'moon
Joyous Celebrations
With Imam Al-Jawad (A.S)
Carrying Out His Father’s Affairs
The Letter Of Imam Ar-Redha To Imam Al-Jawad
Imam Ar-Redha Declares Al-Jawad As The Imam After Him
1. Muhammad Al-Mahmoori
2. Safwan Bin Yahya
3. Ma’mar Bin Khallad
4. Abdullah Bin Ja’far
5. Muhammad Bin Abu Abbad
The Treachery Of Al-Ma'moon Against Imam Ar-Redha
1. Envy
2. Pleasing The Abbasids
3. Imam Ar-Redha Did Not Flatter Al-Ma'moon
4. The Prayer Of Eid
The Assassination Of Imam Ar-Redha
Al-Ma'moon Announces The Imam’s Death
Preparing The Holy Corpse
In His Last Abode
The Merits Of Visiting His Holy Shrine
Muslims Console Imam Al-Jawad
The Confusion Of The Shia
Delegations Of Jurisprudents And Ulama
41
43
44
45
46
47
47
47
48
48
48
48
49
49
50
51
51
51
52
52
53
53
54
54
54
55
55
55
56
57
57
59
61
61
61
63
63
64
64
 From his high ideals 69
Imamate
Its Goals
The Qualities Of The Imam
Knowledge
Infallibility
His Worship
His Offering Recommended Worships (Nafila)
His Hajj
His Supplications
His Asceticism
His Generosity
Doing Good To People
His Comforting The People
69
69
71
71
73
73
74
74
75
76
77
79
80
 His knowledge and sciences 83
The Hadith
His Narrations From The Messenger Of Allah
His Narrations From Imam Ali
His Narrations From Imam As-Sadiq
His Narrations From His Father
Monotheism
Juristic Questions
The Prayer
The Zakat
The Khums
The Hajj
Vow
Expiation Of Breaking The Oath
Entailment
Marriage
Divorce
Suckling
Lawfulness Of The Marriage Of An Adulterer To The Woman He Commits Adultery With
Deprivation Of Illegitimate Children Of Inheritance
Shuf’a
Inheritance
Causes Of The Verdicts
Giving Good News About The Coming Of Imam Al-Mahdi
From The Reality Of Faith
1. Trusting In Allah
2. Being Satisfied With Allah
3. Devotion To Allah
4. Turning To Allah With The Heart
Nobilities Of Character
Satisfying The Needs Of People
Manners Of Behavior
His Call To The Doing Of Favor
From His Sermons
His Letters
Repentance
From The Revelation Of Allah To Some Of His Prophets
What A Believer Needs
Wonderful Maxims And Arts
83
84
84
85
86
88
92
92
93
94
96
97
98
99
100
101
101
102
102
103
103
104
106
108
108
108
109
109
109
110
110
111
111
112
114
115
115
115
 His companions and the narrators of his traditions 125
His Companions
1. Ibrahim Bin Dawood Al-Ya’qoobi
2. Ibrahim Bin Muhammad Al-Hamadani
3. Ibrahim Bin Mahziyar Abu Isaaq Al-Ahwazi
4. Ibrahim Bin Mihrwayh
5. Ahmed Bin Hammad Al-Mirzawi
6. Ahmed Bin Isaaq Al-Ash’ari Al-Qummi
7. Ahmed Bin Abdullah Al-Kufi Al-Karkhi
8. Ahmed Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr Al-Bizenti
10. Ahmed Bin Muhammad Bin Ubayda Al-Qummi Al-Ash’ari
11. Ahmed Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid Al-Barqi
His Works
Criticism Against Him
His Class In Narrations
12. Ahmed Bin Muhammad Bin Bindar Al-Aqra’
13. Ahmed Bin Muhammad Bin Ubaydillah Al-Ash’ari Al-Qummi
14. Ahmed Bin Muhammad Bin Eesa Al-Ash’ari Al-Qummi
His Works
His Class In Narrations
15. Ahmed Bin Mo’afa
16. Abul Qassim Idris Al-Qummi
17. Isaaq Al-Anbari
18. Isaaq Bin Ibrahim Bin Hashim Al-Qummi
19. Isaaq Bin Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Al-Hudhayni
20. Umayya Bin Ali Al-Qabasi Ash-Shami
21. Ja’far Bin Dawood Al-Ya’qoobi
22. Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Younus Al-Ahwal As-Sayrafi
23. Ja’far Bin Muhammad Al-Hashimi
24. Ja’far Bin Yahya Bin Sa’d Al-Ahwal
25. Ja’far Al-Jawhari
26. Abu Ali Al-Hasan Bin Rashid Al-Baghdadi
27. Al-Hasan Bin Sa’eed Al-Ahwazi
28. Abu Ali Al-Hasan Bin Al-Abbas Ibn Al-Hareesh Ar-Razi
29. Al-Hasan Bin Abbas Bin Kharash
30. Abu Muhammad Al-Hasan Bin Ali Bin Abu Uthman
31. Al-Hasan Bin Yasar
32. Al-Husayn Bin Asad
33. Al-Husayn Bin Sa’eed Bin Hammad Al-Ahwazi
34. Al-Husayn Bin Sahl Bin Noah
35. Al-Husayn Bin Dawood Al-Ya’qoobi
36. Al-Husayn Bin Ali Al-Qummi
37. Al-Husayn Bin Muhammad Al-Qummi
38. Al-Husayn Bin Muslim
39. Al-Husayn Bin Imam Musa Bin Ja’far (A.S)
40. Al-Husayn Bin Yasar
41. Hafs Al-Jawhari
42. Hamza Bin Ya’la Al-Ash’ari Al-Qummi Abu Ya’la
43. Khalaf Al-Basri
44. Khayran Al-Khadim Al-Qarateessi
45. Abu Hashim Dawood Bin Al-Qassim Bin Isaaq Bin Abdullah Bin Ja’far Bin Abu Talib Al-Ja’fari
46. Dawood Bin Mafanna As-Sarmi
47. Dawood Bin Ali Al-Khuza’iy
48. Dawood Bin Mahziyar
49. Zakariyya Bin Adam Bin Abdullah Bin Sa’d Al-Ash’ari Al-Qummi
50. Sa’d Bin Sa’d Bin Al-Ahwas Al-Ash’ari Al-Qummi
51. Sahl Bin Ziyad Ar-Razi
52. Shathan Bin Al-Khalil An-Nayshabori
53. Abul Khayr Salih Bin Abu Hammad Ar-Razi
54. Salih Bin Muhammad Bin Sahl
55. Salih Bin Muhammad Al-Hamadani
56. Safwan Bin Yahya Al-Bajali
1. His Reliability
2. His Worship
3. His Piety
4. His Covenant With His Companions
5. His Asceticism In Life
6. His Obedience To The Infallible Imams
7. His Jurisprudence
8. His Works
9. His Death
57. Al-Abbas Bin Umar Al-Hamadani
58. Abdul Jabbar Bin Mubarak An-Nahawandi
59. Abdurrahman Bin Abu Najran
60. Abu Talib Abdullah Bin As-Salt
61. Abdullah Bin Muhammad Ar-Razi
62. Abdullah Bin Muhammad Bin Hussayn Al-Khudhayni Al-Ahwazi
63. Abdullah Bin Muhammad Bin Sahl Bin Dawood
64. Ali Bin Asbat Bin Salim
65. Ali Bin Bilal
66. Ali Bin Hadid Bin Hakeem Al-Mada’ini Al-Azdi As-Sabati
67. Ali Bin Hassaan Al-Wasity Al-Munammis
68. Ali Bin Al-Husayn Bin Ali Bin Umar Bin Al-Husayn Bin Ali Bin Abu Talib
69. Ali Bin Al-Hakam
70. Ali Bin Khalid
71. Ali Bin Abdullah Al-Qummi
72. Ali Bin Abdullah Al-Mada’ini
73. Ali Bin Abdul Melik
74. Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Suleiman An-Nawfali
75. Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Harun Bin Mahbob
76. Ali Bin Muhammad Al-Alawi Al-Hasani
77. Ali Bin Muhammad Al-Qalanisi
78. Ali Bin Mahziyar
1. His Converting To Islam
2. His Piety
3. His Reliability In Narrations
4. His Works
5. The Letters Of Imam Al-Jawad (A.S) To Him
6. His Narrations
79. Ali Bin Muyassar
80. Ali Bin Nasr
81. Abul Husayn Ali Bin Yahya
82. Al-Qassim Bin Al-Husayn Al-Bizenti
83. Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Al-Hudhayni Al-Ahwazi
84. Muhammad Bin Abu Zayd Ar-Razi
85. Muhammad bin Abul Sahban
86. Muhammad bin Abu Quraysh
87. Muhammad bin Abu Nasr
88. Abu Ali Muhammad bin Ahmed bin Hammad al-Mahmodi
89. Muhammad bin Isma’eel bin Bazee’
His relation with Imam ar-Redha (a.s)
With Imam al-Jawad (a.s)
His works
90. Muhammad bin Isma’eel ar-Razi
91. Muhammad bin al-Hasan bin Abu Khalid al-Ash’ari
92. Muhammad bin al-Hasan bin Ammar
93. Muhammad bin al-Hasan bin Mahbob
94. Muhammad bin al-Hasan al-Wasiti
95. Muhammad bin al-Hasan bin Shammon al-Basri
96. Muhammad bin al-Husayn al-Ash’ari
97. Abu Ja’far Muhammad bin al-Husayn bin Abul Khattab az-Zayyat al-Hamadani
98. Muhammad bin Hamza al-Alawi
99. Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Khalid al-Barqi
100. Muhammad bin Salim bin Abdul Hameed
101. Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Sinan az-Zuhri al-Khuza’iy
102. Abu as-Sahban Muhammad bin Abdul Jabbar al-Qummi
103. Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Mada’ini
104. Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Mihran al-Karkhi
105. Abu Bashir Muhammad bin Abda
106. Muhammad bin al-Faraj ar-Rakhji
107. Muhammad bin Nasr an-Nab
108. Muhammad bin Nasr
109. Muhammad bin Noah
110. Muhammad bin al-Waleed al-Khazzaz al-Kirmani
111. Muhammad bin Younus bin Abdurrahman
112. Al-Mukhtar bin Ziyad al-Abdi al-Basri
113. Marwak bin Ubayd bin Abu Hafsah
114. Musaddiq bin Sadaqa al-Madayini
115. Mo’awiya bin Hakeem bin Ammar ad-Duhni
116. Munthir bin Qabos
117. Abul Husayn Mansor bin al-Abbas ar-Razi
118. Musa bin Dawood al-Ya’qobi
119. Musa bin Dawood al-Minqari
120. Musa bin Abdullah bin Abdul Melik bin Hisham
121. Musa bin Umar bin Bazee’
122. Musa bin al-Qassim bin Mo’awiya bin Wahab al-Bajali
123. Noah bin Shu’ayb al-Baghdadi
124. Harun bin al-Hasan
125. Yazdad
126. Abu Ja'far al-Basri
127. Abul Hussayn
128. Abu Khidash al-Mihri al-Basri
129. Abu Sara
130. Abu Sukayna al-Kufi
131. Zaynab bint Muhammad bin Yahya
132. Zahra’ Umm Ahmed
126
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169
 The age of Imam al-Jawad (a.s) 170
Cultural life
Cultural centers
1. Yathrib
2. Kufa
3. Basra
4. Baghdad
Prevailing sciences
1. Sciences of the Qur’an
A. Recitation
B. Tafsir (interpretation)
2. Hadith
3. Jurisprudence
4. Usool
5. Grammar
6. Theology
7. Medicine
8. Chemistry
Translation
Institutes and libraries
Maps and observatories
Political life
The system of the rule
The caliphate and heredity
Unusual conducts.
Vizierate
The sedition between al-Ameen and al-Ma’moon
Deposing al-Ma’moon
Destructive wars
Blockade of Baghdad
The murder of al-Ameen
The caliphate of Ibrahim the dissolute
The revolt of Abu as-Saraya
The Abbasids pay homage to the Alawids
Seizing the authority
Disappointment of Muslims
Persecuting the Alawids
The creation of the Qur'an
Economical life
The income of the state
Striving to collect wealth
Accumulation of wealth
The expenditures of al-Ma’moon’s marriage
Gifts and donations
Possession of maids
Diversity in building
Furniture of houses
Clothes
Foods
The wealth left from the Abbasids
1. Al-Mansor
2. Ar-Rasheed
3. Al-Khayzuran
4. Amr bin Su’da
The life of amusement and diversion
Asceticism
170
171
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171
172
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 At the age of al-Ma'moon 201
The aspects and tendencies of al-Ma'moon
1. Cunning
2. Severity
3. Treachery
4. His tendency for amusement and play
Claiming Shiism
1. Giving Fadak back to the Alawids
2. Preferring Imam Ali to other companions
3. Appointing Imam ar-Redha as the heir apparent
With Imam al-Jawad (a.s)
The first meeting
The marriage of Imam al-Jawad to al-Ma'moon’s daughter
The motives of this marriage
The fear of the Abbasids
The meeting of the Abbasids with al-Ma'moon
Delegating Yahya to try Imam al-Jawad (a.s)
The questions of Yahya
Engagement
Explaining the question
Imam al-Jawad asking Yahay
Gifts on the occasion of marriage
The masses honoring Imam al-Jawad
His lectures in Baghdad
His travel to Yathrib
His wedding
Congratulation
Leaving Baghdad
A miracle
Ummul Fadhl complains of Imam al-Jawad
The annual salary of Imam al-Jawad
The death of al-Ma'moon
202
202
203
203
203
203
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205
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206
206
208
209
211
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212
213
216
217
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218
219
220
220
221
221
222
 The end 224
The characteristics of al-Mu’tasim
Foolishness
Dislike of knowledge
His hatred to the Arabs
His loyalty to the Turks
With Imam al-Jawad
Bringing Imam al-Jawad to Baghdad
Betraying the imam
Imam al-Jawad predicts his death
Announcing the imamate to his son
The assassination of Imam al-Jawad
The motives of the assassination
To the best world
Funerals and burial
His age
The date of his death
224
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229
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 Ziyarah of Imam al-Jawad 234
 Reference books 243

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